1Biomaterial inks for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting: Property, classification, modification, and selection.

Three-dimensional (3D) extrusion-based bioprinting is the most widely used bioprinting technology to fabricate bionic tissue or organ constructs by combining biomaterial ink and living cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. One critical issue of this technique is the selection of suitable biomaterial ink to simulate extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides mechanical support for cells and regulates their physiological activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that it is an enormous challenge to form and maintain reproducible 3D constructs and eventually achieve the balance among biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and printability. This review highlights the properties of extrusion-based biomaterial inks and recent developments as well as details various biomaterial inks classified by their function. Key approaches related to their modification methods according to the functional requirements are also discussed, along with the selection strategies by varying extrusion paths and methods in extrusion-based bioprinting. This systematical review will assist researchers in identifying the most suitable extrusion-based biomaterial inks based on their requirements, as well as in elaborating current challenges and prospects of extrudable biomaterial inks in the field of bioprinting of in vitro tissue models.

Correlation of platelet recovery after complete remission of induction chemotherapy with minimal residual disease and clinical characteristics in acute myeloid leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the correlation of excessive platelet (Plt) recovery at the first time of achieving morphologic complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy with minimal residual disease (MRD) and the clinical features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The clinical data of newly-treated 57 AML patients (except for acute promyelocytic leukemia) who achieved CR after induction chemotherapy in Jinjiang People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 57 newly diagnosed adult AML patients were divided into excessive Plt recovery group (Plt recovery>350×10 9/L) and normal Plt recovery group [Plt recovery: (100-350)×10 9/L] according to the Plt recovery. Meanwhile, the MRD was analyzed by using multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in patients achieving CR after receiving 1 course of standard treatment regimen or 1-2 courses of demethylation drugs combined with pre-conditioning regimen. The clinical features and negative rate of MRD between the two groups were compared. Results:Among 57 CR patients, 31 (54.4%) patients had CR with excessive Plt recovery and MFC-MRD negative rate was 67.7% (21/31); 26 (45.6%) had CR with normal Plt recovery and MFC-MRD negative rate was 38.5% (10/26); and the difference in the proportion of MRD negative patients between the both groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.89, P = 0.027). There were no statistically differences in the proportions of patients with different gender, age, WBC at initial diagnosis, Plt, chemotherapy regimen and risk degree classification between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:In AML patients, excessive Plt recovery at the first time of achieving morphologic CR after induction chemotherapy is associated with negative MRD, which has a certain value in the judgement of therapeutic effect.

Two-season agriculture and irrigated rice during the Dian: radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical remains from Dayingzhuang, Yunnan, Southwest China.

Historical sources describe irrigation and intensive agriculture being practiced in lowland Yunnan from at least the first century AD, but so far archaeobotanical remains allowing investigation of this issue have been scarce. Here, we present new archaeobotanical evidence, including macro-botanical and phytoliths results, from the Dian settlement site of Dayingzhuang, with direct AMS radiocarbon dates on two wheat grains falling between 750 and 390 BC. We compare these results with contemporary Dian sites and analyse the agricultural systems in Central Yunnan between the eight and fourth centuries BC. We propose that agriculture was intensified toward the end of the Dian through both multiple cropping seasons and increased evidence for irrigated rice fields. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-020-01268-y.

Evidence-based recommendation for delaying first bath time of newborn infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To select and obtain the best evidence for first bathing time of newborn infants after birth so as to provide reference for clinical practice to promote maternal skin contact, newborn ′s skin humidity, breastfeeding, and positive impact on the infant ′s temperature regulation as well as glucose stability. Methods:Using the method of evidence-based nursing, clinical question of optimal time for the first bath of newborn after birth.Relevant research was retrieved by computer search. Johns Hopkins evidence appraisal and recommendation tools were used to evaluate quality of studies and level of evidence.Results:Combined with judgement of clinical professionals,totally 7 evidences selected, including the advantages of delaying the first bath time and retaining fetal fat, improving skin humidity, increasing skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants, improving early sucking rate, maintaining neonatal body temperature and blood sugar balance.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence for delaying first bath time of newborns and helping clinical nurses and nursing managers decision-making.Through adapting the best evidence to establish neonatal skin barrier protection, improve breast-feeding rate, and further maintain neonatal body temperature and blood glucose balance.

Evidence-based recommendation for delaying first bath time of newborn infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To select and obtain the best evidence for first bathing time of newborn infants after birth so as to provide reference for clinical practice to promote maternal skin contact, newborn′s skin humidity, breastfeeding, and positive impact on the infant′s temperature regulation as well as glucose stability.@*Methods@#Using the method of evidence-based nursing, clinical question of optimal time for the first bath of newborn after birth.Relevant research was retrieved by computer search. Johns Hopkins evidence appraisal and recommendation tools were used to evaluate quality of studies and level of evidence.@*Results@#Combined with judgement of clinical professionals,totally 7 evidences selected, including the advantages of delaying the first bath time and retaining fetal fat, improving skin humidity, increasing skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants, improving early sucking rate, maintaining neonatal body temperature and blood sugar balance.@*Conclusions@#This study summarized the best evidence for delaying first bath time of newborns and helping clinical nurses and nursing managers decision-making.Through adapting the best evidence to establish neonatal skin barrier protection, improve breast-feeding rate, and further maintain neonatal body temperature and blood glucose balance.

Effect of Xuebijing Injection on differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in septic mice / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of Xuebijing Injection on the differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in septic mice. Methods Fifty-four male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model group and Xuebijing group, each group with 18 mice. The mouse models of sepsis were duplicated by intra-peritoneal injection of 10 mg/kg E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) method. Starting from the day of modeling, Xuebijing Injection 20 mL/kg was intravenously injected into the tail vein in Xuebijing group, once a day for consecutive 4 days; the normal control and model groups were intravenously injected with normal saline at the same dose and site for 4 days. The bone marrow cells of the femur and tibia of the mice were isolated after 4 days of various treatments in the three groups, and the proportions of bone marrow HSC Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) and hematopoietic progenitor cells Lin-Sca-1-c-Kit+ (LS-K) of each group were detected by flow cytometry. Results Finally, 14 mice were included in the normal control group, 17 in the model group, and 12 in the Xuebijing group. With the prolongation of time, the body weight of the normal control group gradually increased, the body masses of the model group and the Xuebijing group were decreased first and then increased, reaching a peak at 96 hours after the model was established, but they were still significantly lower than the body mass of normal control group (g: 19.81±0.27, 19.58±0.39 vs. 22.23±0.30, both P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the proportions of LSK, LS-K, long-term HSC (LT-HSC), and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells (MEP) were all significantly increased in the model group [LSK: (16.62±1.28)% vs. (12.89±0.83)%, LS-K: (44.77±1.77)% vs. (30.34±0.90)%, LT-HSC: (6.88±0.48)% vs. (1.83±0.24)%, MEP: (13.89±1.26)% vs. (9.38±0.66)%, all P < 0.05], the proportion of multipotential progenitor cells (MPP) was significantly decreased [(2.41±0.34)% vs. (5.99±0.59)%, P < 0.05]. Compared with the model group, the LSK and myeloid progenitor (CMP) of the Xuebijing group were significantly reduced [LSK: (12.25±0.69)% vs. (16.62±1.28)%, CMP :(0.31±0.05)% vs. (0.55±0.13)%, both P < 0.05], and LS-K, LT-HSC, MEP showed a decreasing trend [LS-K: (42.75±2.48)% vs. (44.77±1.77)%, LT-HSC:(5.98±0.70)% vs. (6.88±0.48)%, MEP: (10.94±1.36)% vs. (13.89±1.26) %], but the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportions of short-term HSC (ST-HSC) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GMP) among the three septic groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Xuebijing Injection can improve the differentiation function of bone marrow cells in septic mice, which may be possibly related to the inhibition of pathological proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in septic mice by Xuebijing Injection.

Application effect and nursing of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output monitoring technology in large area burn patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the application effect and nursing methods of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) monitoring technology in large area burn patients. Methods A total of 82 cases of large area burn patients in the hospital from January 2014 to June 2017 were chosen and divided into experimental group (41 cases) and control group (41 cases) by random digits table method. Two groups of patients were treated with the same method, the control group using routine monitoring method to guide liquid resuscitation, the experimental group based on the use of PICCO monitoring technology to guide fluid resuscitation. Hemodynamic indexes, fluid resuscitation time, ICU days, complication rate and mortality rate of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results After fluid resuscitation, the acute physiology and chronic health system II (APACHE II) score, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) of the observation group were (18.4 ± 4.2) marks, (98.7±8.5) once/min, (88.5±9.6) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (10.3±2.5) mmHg.The APACHE II score, HR, MAP and CVP of the control group were (22.7±5.4) marks, (112.5±9.6) once/min, (81.2±10.5) mmHg, (7.9±2.2) mmHg. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=3.285-6.891, all P <0.05). The cardiac index (CI),cardiac output(CO), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI), intrathoracic blood volume index(ITBVI), extravascular pulmonary water index(EVLWI) of the observation group after fluid resuscitation were (4.21±0.46) L·min-1·m-2, (4.87±0.52) L/min, (734.51±95.83) ml/m2, (725.91 ± 88.42) ml/m2, (6.26 ± 1.21) ml/kg, respectively. The difference was statistically significant compared to those before fluid resuscitation (t=10.454-21.143, all P <0.05).Resuscitation time and ICU days in the observation group were (3.1±1.2), (31.4±5.8) d. Resuscitation time and ICU days in the control group were (3.9 ± 1.5), (37.8 ± 6.5) d. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.667, 4.704, P<0.05). Conclusions PICCO monitoring plays an important role in the early fluid resuscitation in the treatment of large area burn patients, and strengthening the nursing work is beneficial to the targeted treatment and rehabilitation of the patients.

Nested case-control study on the relationship between risk factors of pregnancy and infantile eczema in Uygur and Han ethnic / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of infantile eczema in Uygur and Han nationalities and the relationship between pregnancy factors and 0-6 months infant eczema, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating preventive strategies. Methods From January-August 2016 in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region People's Hospital of obstetric and follow-up to fill out the questionnaire in 570 pregnant women and their babies as the research object to establish the baseline survey cohort, pregnancy related information to pregnant women, and 6 months (January, March, on maternal June) follow-up, observe the occurrence of infantile eczema a total of 502, successful follow-up to maternal and child. Using nested case-control study, the cohort occurred in 182 cases of infant eczema as case group, will be in the queue without eczema in 320 infants as control group, using multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors during pregnancy baby eczema. Results 0-6 months infant eczema incidence rate was 36.25％, the incidence of Uygur infant eczema (20.43％) was significantly lower than that of Han nationality infant eczema incidence (50.19％) (OR=0.45,95％CI:0.35-0.69) P<0.01). Social and economic factors affecting the occurrence of infantile eczema comparison results showed that the ethnic factors and infant eczema, and more prone to eczema than that of Uygur nationality; and Uygur compared mothers influence allergic history of Han infantile eczema more (χ2=7.09, P=0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mother has a history of atopy (OR=7.17,95％CI:4.15-12.37), mother′s education level (OR=1.91,95％CI:1.51-2.74), the higher the monthly income (OR=2.68,95％CI:2.17-3.33), maternal smoking during pregnancy (secondhand smoke) (OR=2.42,95％CI:1.96-2.97), frequently eating spicy spicy foods during pregnancy (OR=1.94,95％CI: 1.41-2.68) will increase the risk of infant eczema Supplementation of probiotics (OR=0.13,95％CI:0.07-0.25) and vitamin D (OR=0.13,95％CI:0.06-0.26) during pregnancy is a protective factor in the development of infantile eczema. Conclusions Compared to Uygur, Han Chinese infants are more likely occur eczema, and family history of allergies, education, economic income, pregnancy dietand smoking are risk factors for infant eczema. The same risk factors among Uygur and Han ethnic ,but it had a different results. Compared to Han, Uygur pregnant women eating spicy food caused the risk of infant eczema occurrence is higher, but the short period of housing renovation caused the risk of infant eczema occurrence is lower. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition andmonitor living environment during pregnancy. Avoiding to eat spicy food and supplying probiotics and vitamin D, it can prevent or reduce the occurrence of infantile eczema.

Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder inhibits TNF-α-induced permeability increase in PMVEC via PKC-SSeCKS pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the molecular mechanism of Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder (XDY) in treating viral pneumonia, and the effects of XDY on TNF-α-induced permeability in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) and the role of PKC-SSeCKS pathway involved.METHODS:The electric conductivity method was used to detect transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) of primarily cultured PMVEC on Transwell chamber at different time points to determine the permeability of PMVEC.After pretreatment for 24 h, the activity of PKC, TER, and the expression of SSeCKS at mRNA and protein levels were detected.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to observe the location of SSeCKS and construction of F-actin in PMVEC.RESULTS:The permeability of PMVECs induced by TNF-α reached the peak at 24 h.Compared with control group, the TER in TNF-α group was decreased, and the activity of PKC was increased.Compared with TNF-α group, the activity of PKC in TNF-α with PKC inhibitor group and TNF-α with XDY group was decreased, while the TER was increased, without difference from control group.Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of SSeCKS and phospho-SSeCKS was increased in PMVEC of TNF-α group, but decreased in TNF-α with XDY group compared with TNF-α group.In control group, F-actin was mainly located around the nucleus and at cytoplasmic borders of PMVEC, forming the dense peripheral bundle, and SSeCKS was evenly scattered in the cell.In TNF-α group, the dense peripheral bundle of F-actin surrounding the cells almost disappeared, and SSeCKS was concentrated around the nucleus.Compared with TNF-α group, the distribution and the structure of F-actin and SSeCKS nearly returned to normal in TNF-α with XDY group.CONCLUSION:XDY inhibits the activation of PKC signaling pathway in PMVEC caused by TNF-α to reduce the mRNA expression of SSeCKS and the phosphorylation of SSeCKS, thus preventing the deformation of endothelial cells and reducing the permeability of PMVEC.

A preliminary study of amino acid metabolomics using LC-MS/MS to predict the che-motherapeutic response of patients with advanced breast cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate the value of amino acid metabolomics in evaluating chemotherapeutic response of patients with ad-vanced breast cancer, the changes in the levels of 32 amino acids in the circulating serum of patients before (baseline) and after the first cycle (prognosis) of chemotherapy were tested. Methods:Seventy-three advanced breast cancer patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis admitted at the Liaoning Cancer Hospital from March 2015 to October 2016 were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples (2 mL) were collected before and after the first cycles of chemotherapy from each patient. Thirty-two amino acids in the se-rum were tested using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Patients were catego-rized into the improvement or deterioration groups, based on the first imaging test after 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy. The changes in amino acids levels were analyzed in different prognosis groups. Results:The levels of the 32 amino acids ranged 3-180000 pmol/L. Compared to their baseline levels, both glycine and L-glutamine increased in the improvement group, but decreased in the deteriora-tion group. Sarcosine was significantly reduced in the improvement group, while differences in its levels were not obvious in the deteri-oration group. L-threonine, taurine, iminodiacetic acid, and L-glutamic acid were increased in both groups. Conclusion:Changes in the serum levels of glycine, sarcosine, and the other amino acids before and after the first cycles of chemotherapy can predict chemothera-peutic response in patients with advanced breast cancer. Amino acid metabolomics may become a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy earlier than that of imaging tests, and thereby help improve therapeutic strategies for advanced breast cancer.

A prospective study of early maternal intervention on the prevention of infantile eczema effect / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of early maternal intervention and provide clinical suggestions for the prevention and treatment of infantile eczema. Methods A total of 340 pregnant woman who were receiving prenatal examine and giving birth to their children from January to June 2016 in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected in this study. The pregnant woman were divided into two groups--control group and observation group by the random number table method.Each group had 170 history cases.The control group was given regularly health guidance,and the observation group was added early intervention such as translate the latest information on the modern social media to them,and giving suggestions of diet and nutrition of infants and living environment.The proportion of risk factors--the each group of infants' genetic history of allergies, birth of ways,feeding pattern and the kind of environmental of which they exposure and so on were analyzed,then the incidence of eczema, the recurrence rate of eczema, the treatment effects and duration of eczema were contrasted.Results After 6 months of prospective follow-up, the observation group of cesarean section and exposing to smoking environmental proportion was respectively 48.82%(83/170),19.41%(33/170), was lower than that of control group 64.71%(110/170),42.35%(72/170),the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.736, 20.958, P<0.01). The proportion of 4- 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and correctly adding supplement food respectively 52.35%(89/170),78.24%(133/170),was higher than that in the control group 42.94%(73/170),58.82%(100/170),the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=3.418,14.851, P<0.01). After 6 months of prospective follow-up, the incidence and recurrence rate of infants eczema respectively in observation group was 25.88%(44/170), 22.73%(10/170),was lower than that in control group 49.41%(84/170),42.86%(36/170),the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=20.047, 5.082, P<0.05).The treatment effect in observation group was superior to the control group.The last,the period of eczema was shorter than that of control group. All of them had statistical meaning(Z=8.876, 10.195,all P<0.05). Conclusions Early interventions can reduce the proportion of high-risk factors that could induce infant eczema, such as cesarean section,exposure to smoking,environmental and other factors.In order to reduce the incidence of infants eczema, improve family′s compliance, reduce eczema attack, improve symptoms, reduce the burden on the family to a great extent,to ensure the normal growth and development of infants,cut off the"allergy process"to prevent distal disease such as allergic asthma,allergic rhinitis etc.

Research on biological and genetic characteristics of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biological characteristics and genetic features of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPA-MSCs) cultured in vitro in order to assess its safety for clinical use.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The shapes of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 17th and 20th generation hPA-MSCs cultured in vitro using serum-free culture medium were observed. Their cell cycle, cell surface markers, and karyotype were analyzed, and relevant genes and cytokines were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The shape of hPA-MSCs has remained as fusiform or short fusiform, and there was no significant change. About 93% of hPA-MSCs cells were in G0/G1 phase and remained stable. No obvious chromosomal translocation, loss or inversion was noted by karyotyping analysis. Cytokines expression level remained stable. Related gene expression level as a whole was on the decline, but the gene expression level of the first five generations showed very slight variations, with genetic characteristics remaining stable.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hPA-MSCs cultured in vitro with serum-free medium has retained stable in the first five generations.</p>

The Changes of the Number of Ribbon Synapse in Inner Hair Cells of C57BL/6J Mice with Age / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the number changes of the ribbon synapses(RS) in the inner hair cell of C57BL/6J mice with age .Methods The cochlear basilar membrane was obtained from C57BL/6J mice in 2 ,6 ,10 , 12 months old .RIBEYE on the presynaptic membrane and AMPA receptor on the postsynaptic membrane were double labeled by immunofluorescence histochemical technique .The stained sections were observed under a confocal laser-scanning microscope .Then the number of RS of the basilar membrane was calculated by three dimensional reconstruction images using 3DS max software .Results The numbers of RS reduced gradually from the cochlear a‐pex to base in the same developing stages .The numbers of RS in apex and middle turn of cochlea were gradually re‐duced with the age increasing .The number of RS in basilar turn reduced first and increased slowly then .Conclusion The decreases of the number of RS maybe the main pathological change at the early stage of presbycusis .In addi‐tion ,there may be a kind of compensatory mechanism by increaseing the number of RS to delay the hearing deficits .

Effects of Qingshi Cream on chronic dermatitis-eczema in mice / 中西医结合学报

Objective: To explore the effects of Qingshi Cream, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic dermatitis-eczema in mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Methods: Thirty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into vaseline group, 0.1% mometasone furoate cream group and Qingshi Cream group. Right ears of BALB/C mice were repeatedly challenged with 0.1% DNCB every three days for five times and previously sensitized with 7% DNCB to induce chronic dermatitis-eczema. Mice in different groups were applied Qingshi Cream, 0.1% mometasone furoate cream and vaseline respectively after each challenge. Weight difference of two ears, pathological change of right ear and dermal inflammatory cell number were used to assess the effects of the drugs. Results: After the 5th challenge, weight differences of two ears in the 0.1% mometasone furoate cream group and the Qingshi Cream group were significantly decreased as compared with that in the vaseline group. Changes such as ear swelling thickening and cellular infiltration in dermis were observed, and these features seemed to be more significant in the vaseline group as compared with the 0.1% mometasone furoate cream group and the Qingshi Cream group. Conclusion: Qingshi Cream has an obvious effect in treatment of chronic dermatitis-eczema in mice.